Gum

Structure

The gum is composed of dense connective tissue covered with keratinized epithelium that resists wear during chewing. The marginal gingiva forms a cuff around each tooth.

Function

Healthy gum tissue forms a tight seal at the gingival sulcus that keeps bacteria from invading the bone and periodontal ligament around each tooth.

Clinical note

Gingivitis, the earliest stage of gum disease, causes redness and bleeding. Untreated it can progress to periodontitis with bone loss and tooth loosening.