Birds that contain I

List of Birds That Contain I

1

Adelie Penguin

Pygoscelis adeliae

A medium-sized Antarctic penguin recognized by white eye-rings on a black face — one of the most-southerly breeding birds on Earth, completing 13,000 km annual migrations on sea ice.

2

Bearded Tit

Panurus biarmicus

A tiny, tawny gem of the reedbed — the male is unmistakable with a blue-grey head and long drooping black moustache stripes that give the species its name; not closely related to true tits, the bearded tit (or bearded reedling) is a specialist of large reedbeds, its life played out almost entirely among the reed stems; a sedentary species but capable of dramatic post-breeding dispersal.

3

Bittern

Botaurus stellaris

A secretive, booming heron of reed beds — the male's low, foghorn-like boom carries for kilometres across marshes on still spring nights and is one of the most extraordinary sounds in British wildlife; the bittern's streaked brown plumage makes it almost impossible to spot even when standing upright among reeds.

4

Bluebird

Sialia sialis (Eastern); Sialia mexicana (Western); Sialia currucoides (Mountain)

A small bright-blue thrush native to North America — a beloved garden bird whose population was rescued from near-collapse in the mid-1900s through one of America's most successful citizen-science conservation campaigns.

5

Brambling

Fringilla montifringilla

A handsome winter finch from Scandinavian forests that arrives in Britain each autumn — the male has a striking orange-and-black plumage in breeding dress, and in exceptional years when beech mast crops are abundant, millions can gather at single sites across Central Europe in breathtaking communal roosts.

6

Bunting

Emberiza citrinella

A family of small, seed-eating songbirds found across Eurasia and the Americas — males are among the most brilliantly coloured birds of temperate regions, with deep blues, reds, and purples unmatched by larger species.

7

Cardinal

Cardinalis cardinalis

A vivid red songbird of the eastern and central United States, the official bird of seven U.S. states, with a distinctive crest and a year-round musical presence.

8

Chaffinch

Fringilla coelebs

Britain's second most common bird and one of Europe's most abundant — the male in spring is a strikingly handsome bird with a pink-red breast, slate-blue head, and bold white wing bars; males sing a loud, rattling song ending in a distinctive flourish that varies in dialect between regions.

9

Chickadee

Poecile atricapillus (Black-capped); Poecile carolinensis (Carolina)

A small, fearless North American songbird with distinctive black cap and bib — beloved feeder birds known for sophisticated alarm calls that encode information about predator size and danger level.

10

Chicken

Gallus gallus domesticus

The most numerous bird on Earth — over 30 billion at any given time — domesticated from the Southeast Asian red junglefowl about 8,000 years ago and now central to every poultry-eating cuisine on Earth.

11

Corn Bunting

Emberiza calandra

The largest British bunting — a large, streaky, plain-brown bird of arable fields with no distinctive markings but an utterly unmistakable song, often described as jangling keys; the corn bunting has declined severely across Britain as intensive farming reduced the cereal stubble, rough grassland, and insect-rich field margins on which it depends; polygamous males may mate with up to 18 females in a season.

12

Crossbill

Loxia curvirostra

A finch with a uniquely crossed bill — the upper and lower mandibles overlap like a pair of scissors, allowing it to prise open pine and spruce cones and extract the seeds inside with precision; crossbills can breed in the depths of winter when cones are ripe, sometimes nesting in snow.

13

Dipper

Cinclus cinclus

The only aquatic songbird — a compact brown-and-white bird that walks along the riverbed submerged, using its wings to swim against the current and find invertebrates in fast-flowing streams.

14

Dunlin

Calidris alpina

Britain's most abundant small wader — a dumpy, short-legged sandpiper that winters in enormous flocks on estuaries and mudflats, performing breathtaking aerial "murmurations" that twist and turn as a single organism; in summer breeding plumage it has a distinctive black belly patch unique among similar species.

15

Fieldfare

Turdus pilaris

A large, handsome thrush that arrives in Britain from Scandinavia each autumn in clattering flocks to feast on hawthorn berries and windfall apples — with its distinctive chestnut back, grey rump, and spotted orange breast, it is one of Britain's most striking winter visitors.

16

Finch

Fringillidae (true finches); also Geospiza (Darwin's finches)

A small, seed-eating songbird with a thick conical beak — including the Galapagos finches that helped Darwin develop natural selection theory, the canaries of pet history, and many beloved garden visitors.

17

Firecrest

Regulus ignicapilla

The more brilliant cousin of the goldcrest — the firecrest matches the goldcrest in size (one of Europe's smallest birds) but is more vividly marked; the male has a brilliant orange-red crest stripe flanked by black, white supercilium, and bronze patches on the sides of the neck giving a jewelled appearance; a scarce but increasing breeder in Britain, mainly in spruce woodland in southern England.

18

Flamingo

Phoenicopterus roseus

A long-legged wading bird whose pink color comes from carotenoid pigments in its food, famous for filter-feeding upside-down and standing on one leg.

19

Frigatebird

Fregata magnificens

A large, long-winged tropical seabird with a remarkable red throat pouch that males inflate like a balloon during courtship, and a well-earned reputation as an aerial pirate that terrorizes other seabirds into dropping their food.

20

Goldfinch

Carduelis carduelis

A brilliantly coloured small finch with a crimson face, black and white head, and gleaming yellow wingbars — a specialist seed-eater that uses its narrow bill to extract seeds from thistles and teasels; one of Britain's most beloved garden birds.

21

Great Grey Shrike

Lanius excubitor

A bold, predatory songbird that behaves like a miniature raptor — the great grey shrike is pale grey, black and white, perching prominently on the tops of bushes and lone trees, scanning for prey; famous for impaling prey on thorns to create a larder, it is a scarce winter visitor to Britain, with individual birds often returning to the same heathland site for multiple winters.

22

Guillemot

Uria aalge

A sea-going auk that nests by the million on vertical sea cliffs, packing shoulder-to-shoulder in dense colonies — it flies underwater using its wings to pursue fish to depths of 180 metres, and its pear-shaped egg rolls in a circle rather than off the cliff edge if knocked.

23

Hawfinch

Coccothraustes coccothraustes

Britain's most powerful-billed finch — the hawfinch has a massive, pale bill capable of cracking cherry stones and olive pits that require 50–70 kg of force to split; a bulky, short-tailed finch with rich chestnut, black, and white plumage and a distinctive white wing bar; notoriously shy and elusive, spending most of its time in high tree canopy and often detected only by its sharp call.

24

Hornbill

Bucerotidae (family; 55 species)

A large tropical bird defined by its enormous brightly colored bill topped with a casque — a forest frugivore and icon of African and Asian biodiversity, and the subject of one of the most unusual nesting behaviors in the bird world.

25

House Martin

Delichon urbicum

A familiar summer visitor that builds its distinctive mud nest under the eaves of houses — arriving from southern Africa each April, house martins construct domed cup nests from hundreds of individual pellets of mud gathered from puddle edges; the white rump is the key identification feature separating it from the swallow.

26

Hummingbird

Archilochus colubris

The most common hummingbird in eastern North America, weighing less than a U.S. nickel, capable of hovering, flying backward, and migrating across the Gulf of Mexico nonstop.

27

Ibis

Threskiornis aethiopicus

A wading bird with a distinctive long curved bill, central to ancient Egyptian religion as the embodiment of Thoth, and now extirpated from Egypt itself but thriving across sub-Saharan Africa.

28

Kingfisher

Alcedo atthis

A small, jewel-bright Eurasian fishing bird that hovers above water and dives at over 40 km/h to catch small fish, the inspiration for the bullet train's nose cone design.

29

Kiwi

Apteryx (genus, 5 species)

New Zealand's iconic flightless bird — about the size of a chicken, with hair-like feathers, a long sensitive beak with nostrils at the tip, and the relatively largest egg of any bird, sometimes 20% of the female's body weight.

30

Lapwing

Vanellus vanellus

A pied farmland wader with a wispy black crest and spectacular aerial courtship display — once Europe's most abundant wader, now in rapid decline due to agricultural change, and the subject of major conservation concern.

31

Linnet

Linaria cannabina

A small finch of open farmland and heathland whose male has a crimson breast and forehead in spring — linnets feed almost exclusively on seeds, particularly those of weeds on farmland, and have declined dramatically as herbicides have eliminated the weed seed supply; their liquid, twittering song was once prized and they were widely kept as cage birds.

32

Little Owl

Athene noctua

Britain's smallest owl and the only one to be diurnal — this compact, flat-headed owl perches in the open on fence posts, telegraph poles, and old walls, staring at passers-by with intense yellow eyes and bobbing its head in indignation; introduced to Britain from the Continent in the 1870s and 1880s, it is now a naturalised and widely distributed species.

33

Magpie

Pica pica (Eurasian); Cracticus tibicen (Australian — different family)

A long-tailed black-and-white corvid with iridescent blue-green wing flashes — Eurasian magpies are among the most-studied intelligent birds, while Australian magpies are renowned for spring swooping attacks on humans.

34

Marsh Harrier

Circus aeruginosus

Britain's largest harrier — a spectacular bird of prey of reedbeds and marshes, the male has a striking grey wing patch contrasting with russet body and black wingtips; it quartered over British reedbeds for centuries but was driven to extinction by hunting and egg collection, with only one pair breeding by 1971; a successful conservation recovery has produced over 600 pairs today.

35

Marsh Tit

Poecile palustris

A small, glossy-capped tit of ancient woodland — easily confused with the willow tit but distinguished by its glossier black cap, cleaner white cheeks, and distinctive 'pitchoo' call; like all tits, the marsh tit is an intelligent, acrobatic forager; it is a food-hoarder, storing thousands of individual seeds in bark crevices and leaf litter, and has an exceptional spatial memory for relocating them.

36

Merlin

Falco columbarius

Britain's smallest falcon — a fierce, compact little raptor of upland moorland and coasts that hunts small birds with explosive speed, often following close to the ground in low dashing pursuit; the female is streaky brown, the male is blue-grey above with an orange-buff breast, and both are easily overlooked until they erupt in a burst of rapid wingbeats.

37

Mockingbird

Mimus polyglottos (Northern); various other Mimus and Mimidae species

A medium-sized gray songbird famous for mimicking dozens of other species — capable of imitating 200+ songs and sounds across a lifetime, with the northern mockingbird as Harper Lee's literary symbol of innocence.

38

Nightingale

Luscinia megarhynchos

A small brown European migratory songbird famous for its powerful, varied, and beautifully complex song — featured in countless poems and songs across European literature.

39

Nightjar

Caprimulgus europaeus

A cryptically camouflaged nocturnal bird that rests motionless on the ground or along tree branches during the day, invisible against bark and leaf litter — famous for its churring mechanical song heard across heathlands at dusk.

40

Oriole

Icterus galbula (Baltimore); other Icterus species

A vivid orange-and-black North American songbird with elaborate woven hanging nests — closely related to blackbirds, with multiple species across the Americas including the iconic Baltimore oriole that gave the city's baseball team its name.

41

Ostrich

Struthio camelus

The world's largest living bird — flightless, two-toed, capable of running at 70 km/h, laying the largest eggs of any bird, and producing meat increasingly farmed across the globe.

42

Partridge

Perdix perdix

A plump, ground-dwelling game bird of European farmland and hedgerows — the "pear tree" bird of the twelve days of Christmas, now in serious decline across much of its range due to agricultural intensification.

43

Pelican

Pelecanus occidentalis (brown); Pelecanus erythrorhynchos (American white)

A large coastal water bird with a distinctive throat pouch — used as a fishing net during plunge-dives and as a holding bag while feeding chicks, common at coastal fishing piers worldwide.

44

Penguin

Aptenodytes forsteri

The largest living penguin species and the only animal to breed during the Antarctic winter, enduring the planet's harshest conditions.

45

Pied Flycatcher

Ficedula hypoleuca

The black-and-white summer visitor of ancient oak woods — the male pied flycatcher is crisply black above and white below with a bold white forehead patch; the female is brown and white; they arrive from West Africa in late April to breed in old oak trees and nest boxes, making sallying flights to catch insects and raising a brood before departing in late summer.

46

Pigeon

Columba livia

A globally ubiquitous urban bird descended from the rock dove of Mediterranean cliffs — domesticated for over 5,000 years for food, communication, racing, and ornamentation, with feral populations in nearly every city worldwide.

47

Ptarmigan

Lagopus muta

The high Arctic grouse that turns completely white in winter — Britain's only truly alpine bird, confined to the Scottish Highlands above 800 metres; it moults three times a year to match its surroundings (brown in summer, mottled grey in autumn, pure white in winter) and is so well camouflaged that walkers almost step on them before the bird moves.

48

Puffin

Fratercula arctica (Atlantic puffin)

A small black-and-white seabird with a colorful triangular bill — capable of holding 10+ fish in its beak at once, nesting in cliff burrows by the millions, and increasingly threatened by warming oceans.

49

Quail

Callipepla californica

A plump, ground-foraging gamebird with a distinctive teardrop-shaped plume on its head, the official state bird of California and a familiar sight in western U.S. backyards.

50

Razorbill

Alca torda

A cliff-nesting seabird with a distinctive laterally flattened "razor" bill, banded in white — the closest living relative of the extinct great auk; it dives deep for fish by flying underwater with its wings, nests on cliff ledges in large colonies alongside guillemots and puffins, and is an excellent indicator of North Atlantic fish stocks.

51

Red Kite

Milvus milvus

Britain's most spectacular conservation success story — a large, elegant, fork-tailed raptor that was reduced to a tiny remnant population of a few dozen birds in Wales by the 1930s and has since been reintroduced across England and Scotland, now numbering thousands; the russet-red body, pale head, and deeply forked tail make it unmistakable in flight.

52

Ring Ouzel

Turdus torquatus

The mountain blackbird of Britain's uplands — a stocky thrush resembling a blackbird with a distinctive white crescent bib, breeding on moorland and mountain slopes above 250 metres; a migratory species that arrives from Africa in late March and departs by October, its far-carrying, melancholy song one of the definitive sounds of the wild uplands.

53

Robin

Turdus migratorius

A large, orange-breasted thrush common across North American lawns and gardens, an early sign of spring and the most numerous land bird on the continent.

54

Sandpiper

Scolopacidae (family)

A diverse family of small to medium shorebirds with long bills probing for invertebrates in mud and sand — many species undertake some of the longest non-stop bird migrations on Earth, sometimes 11,000+ km in a single flight.

55

Siskin

Spinus spinus

A small, lively finch of conifers and birch woodland — the male is a bright greenish-yellow bird with a streaked black cap; siskins form acrobatic feeding flocks in alder and birch trees in winter, and have become one of the most popular garden feeders in Britain since learning to exploit nyjer seed feeders.

56

Snipe

Gallinago gallinago

A cryptically patterned wader of wet grassland and bogs — famous for its evasive zigzagging escape flight, its ethereal "drumming" display sound made by tail feathers, and for being the origin of the word "sniper."

57

Spoonbill

Platalea leucorodia

A tall, all-white wading bird with a spatula-shaped bill that sweeps side to side through shallow water — one of Europe's most spectacular wetland birds, and a conservation success story after near-extinction in northwestern Europe.

58

Starling

Sturnus vulgaris (European starling)

A glossy black songbird with iridescent purple-green sheen — native to Eurasia but introduced to North America in 1890 by Shakespeare enthusiasts, now one of the most invasive bird species in the Western Hemisphere.

59

Sunbird

Nectarinia famosa

Africa and Asia's answer to the hummingbird — small, fast, and brilliantly iridescent nectar feeders that perch rather than hover, with long curved bills designed for specific flower shapes.

60

Swift

Apus apus

A dark, scythe-winged aerial specialist that spends almost its entire life on the wing — eating, sleeping, bathing, and mating in flight — landing only to nest, making it the most aerial bird in the world.

61

Umbrellabird

Cephalopterus ornatus

A large black tropical bird of South American rainforests, distinguished by an umbrella-like crest of feathers above its head and a long, retractable, throat-feathered wattle that males inflate during courtship displays.

62

Vireo

Vireonidae (family)

Small olive-green songbirds of American forests known for persistent singing — especially the red-eyed vireo, which holds the record for most songs sung in a day at over 22,000 individual songs.

63

Waxwing

Bombycilla garrulus

A plump, crested bird with silky pinkish-brown plumage, a waxy red tips on its secondary feathers, and a voracious appetite for berries — irrupts into Western Europe and North America in winter when Scandinavian berry crops fail.

64

Whitethroat

Sylvia communis

A scratchy, energetic warbler of bramble scrub and overgrown hedgerows — the male has a white throat that puffs out during his jerky song-flight display, in which he rises a few metres into the air and parachutes back down singing; a common summer visitor that suffered a catastrophic population crash in 1969 due to Sahel drought.

65

Willow Tit

Poecile montanus

Britain's most rapidly declining resident bird — the willow tit has lost over 90% of its British population since the 1970s, one of the steepest declines of any British species; virtually identical to the marsh tit but distinguishable by its duller black cap, pale wing panel, and very different nasal buzzing call; it excavates its own nest hole in rotten wood, an unusual behaviour for a tit.

66

Xantus's Hummingbird

Basilinna xantusii

A small, range-restricted hummingbird of southern Baja California with a brilliant green back and rufous belly — endemic to the peninsula and one of the few "X" birds in field guides.

67

Zebra Finch

Taeniopygia guttata

A small, social, vivid Australian songbird with zebra-striped tail feathers and orange cheek patches — a popular cage bird worldwide and the most-studied songbird in neuroscience laboratories.