The first and shortest section of the small intestine, where stomach contents mix with digestive juices from the pancreas and liver.
Structure
The duodenum is about 25 centimeters long and shaped like a C. It is divided into four parts and contains the openings of the bile and pancreatic ducts at the major duodenal papilla.
Function
Bile from the liver emulsifies dietary fats, while pancreatic enzymes break down proteins, fats, and starches. Brunner glands in the wall secrete alkaline mucus to neutralize stomach acid.
Clinical note
Duodenal ulcers, often caused by Helicobacter pylori infection, classically produce hunger-related pain that improves with eating.
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Duodenum starts with D and ends with M. Browse other body parts along the same letter.
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