A small region at the base of the brain that controls hormone release, body temperature, hunger, and many basic drives.
Structure
The hypothalamus is a cluster of small nuclei sitting just above the pituitary. It is connected to the posterior pituitary by axons and to the anterior pituitary by a portal blood system.
Function
It maintains homeostasis by adjusting temperature, fluid balance, hunger, thirst, sleep-wake cycles, sexual behavior, and emotional responses. Releasing hormones it secretes control most anterior pituitary output.
Clinical note
Tumors or trauma near the hypothalamus can disturb temperature regulation, appetite, and the menstrual cycle.
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